Few countries have attempted an economic transformation as ambitious as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, and this book examines its deeper roots, tracing the evolution of the Kingdom’s oil-based development model and the forces driving reform.
The book follows Saudi Arabia’s economic, political, and social evolution from the 1980s to the present, culminating in the reforms launched under Vision 2030. It first analyses the structure of the Saudi economy and its reliance on oil revenues, showing how this model shaped state institutions, welfare provision, and economic policy. It then explores the political and social dynamics underpinning reform, including demographic change, governance patterns, and an evolving social contract. Subsequent chapters assess the reforms associated with Vision 2030, their impact on diversification, labour markets, housing, and social change, and the financing mechanisms supporting them, ultimately offering a comprehensive evaluation of the Kingdom’s ongoing economic transformation.
Monica Malik is Chief Economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, leading research on the Gulf economies. With over 30 years of experience, she previously held senior roles at EFG Hermes, Standard Chartered, and Dun & Bradstreet, and regularly shares insights through reports, international and regional media, and policy forums.
Few countries have attempted an economic transformation as ambitious as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, and this book examines its deeper roots, tracing the evolution of the Kingdom’s oil-based development model and the forces driving reform.
The book follows Saudi Arabia’s economic, political, and social evolution from the 1980s to the present, culminating in the reforms launched under Vision 2030. It first analyses the structure of the Saudi economy and its reliance on oil revenues, showing how this model shaped state institutions, welfare provision, and economic policy. It then explores the political and social dynamics underpinning reform, including demographic change, governance patterns, and an evolving social contract. Subsequent chapters assess the reforms associated with Vision 2030, their impact on diversification, labour markets, housing, and social change, and the financing mechanisms supporting them, ultimately offering a comprehensive evaluation of the Kingdom’s ongoing economic transformation.
Monica Malik
Saudi Arabia economic transformation Arabian Gulf oil economies Saudi Arabia economic reforms Oil economies and global challenges Saudi Arabia economic sustainability Hydrocarbons and renewable energies in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 Energy transition in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Gulf Political economy of Saudi Arabia