Untersuchung zum Einfluss des Zungenbandes auf die oberen Atemwege des Pferdes unter Belastungsendoskopie bei Rennpferden
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Beschreibung
"Investigations about the impact of the tongue tie under overground endoscopy on the upper respiratory tract in racehorses"
The effect of the tongue tie and the influence on the upper airway and the prevention of DDSP in racehorses has been controversial. The present work aimed to investigate whether the application of the tongue tie affects the pharyngeal diameter and the opening of the larynx. Furthermore, this work aimed to test whether DDSP can be prevented by wearing the tongue tie. The study was conducted in a prospective, blinded crossover design. 38 racehorses were examined for pathological functional changes in the function of the upper airway using endoscopic imaging. All study participants were in active race training or had already taken part in regional races. All horses had a history of poor performance or respiratory noise during exercise. The use of the tongue tie was already known to 20 animals. The remaining 18 animals were trained with the tongue tie for the first time as part of the study. The animals were always examined in pairs under the usual conditions in the racing training stable on site. There were three examination units for each animal on one examination day. First, the endoscopy phase was recorded "at rest" (control) after the equipment was put on. After a short adaptation and warm-up phase, two observation units followed at maximum racing speed on the training racetrack: a phase with tongue tie and a racing phase without tongue tie. The image material of the three observation units was compared with each other. All pathological dysfunctions of the pharynx and larynx from the observation phases were documented. Five freeze frames were extracted from each observation phases, „rest,“ „maximum stress with tongue tie,“ and „maximum stress without tongue tie.“ The influence of the tongue tie on the pharyngeal diameter was evaluated for 30 racehorses. The measured width of the epiglottis (a) and the perpendicular length (b) from the dorsal fixed point in the pharyngeal roof to the width (a) were measured. The ratio of the distances to each other was calculated as a measure of the degree of opening of the pharynx (pharynx-epiglottis-ratio b/a). To assess the influence of the tongue tie on the opening area of the larynx, the following laryngeal parameters were measured: Maximum height of the opening area (a), maximum width of the opening area (b), width at the centre of the vocal folds (c), relative opening angle (d), and the opening area (e). The „laryngeal opening-area-ratio“ was determined by calculating quotients (laryngeal-opening-area-ratio = b/a, c/a, d/a, e/a) in the same way. Dorsal displacement of the soft palate occurred a total of four times under race loading. Of these, the tongue tie was worn in three of four times. Only in one horse did DDSP occur without application of the tongue tie under racing load. The average pharyngeal-epiglottis-ratio (b/a) of the observation phase "race load without tongue tie" was significantly higher than "rest". In the pair wise comparison of the observation groups "race load with tongue tie" the average pharyngeal-epiglottis-ratio (b/a) was lower than "race load without tongue tie". The average laryngeal opening area ratio of the maximum width at the level of the vocal sacs (c)/maximum height of the laryngeal opening area (a) was greater in the comparison "rest" vs. "race load with tongue tie", using the tongue tie than at "rest". When comparing the observation groups "race load", it was found for the laryngeal opening area ratio (c/a) that it was larger "with tongue tie application" than "without tongue tie application". For the average laryngeal opening area ratio of the opening angle of the laryngeal cartilage (d)/maximum height of the laryngeal opening area (a), it was found that the difference was greater in "race load with tongue tie" than at "rest". In conclusion, no positive effect on the diameter of the pharynx was found by wearing tongue ties in this study. Only the laryngeal opening area ratio at the level of the voice pockets and the angle of the arycartilages were larger under "stress with tongue tie" than without its application. Further studies should focus on animal welfare, as the results of the present study provide objective evidence for future decisions by equine organizations regarding the regulations for the tongue-tie use. The results of this work do not support the use of tongue ties in racing. A positive influence of the upper respiratory tract and as a prevention against the occurrence of DDSPs could not proven here and is therefore still questionable.
Autor*in
Anne Troppenz
Themen in »Untersuchung zum Einfluss des Zungenbandes auf die oberen Atemwege des Pferdes unter Belastungsendoskopie bei Rennpferden«
Atem Atmung Belastungsendoskopie Kehlkopf Pferde Pharynx Rennpferde Zunge Zungenband breath horses larynx obere Atemwege overground endoscopy racehorses