Having lost their major manufacturing industries during the second half of the
twentieth century, the three English cities Manchester, Birmingham and Leeds are
still struggling not only to find a new economic basis, but also to reinvent and reposition
themselves within the global urban hierarchy.
Using Henri Lefebvre's concept of space as a social product, this study looks at recent
interpretations of urban space and asks what kinds of spaces are being and have been
produced in postindustrial cities. Who produces them and how? What ideas, values
and imaginations of the city are expressed in these spaces? How are they represented,
interpreted and used? What effects does this have on their users and non-users? And
which cultural values are supported or subverted?
Claudia Clemens
Leeds Birmingham Deindustralisierung Manchester Raumproduktion Stadtentwicklung production of space