Evaluation of Vegetable Farming Systems in Upland Areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia
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Beschreibung
Vegetable is increasingly prospective in line with:
(a) Increasing demand on these products as consequences of population growth as well as improved nutritional awareness of the community, and
(b) Various government supports in terms of physical and non-physical infrastructures and facilities related with vegetable farming system (VFS) activities in the country.
Nowadays, VFSs in Indonesia are challenged by the serial issues such as low production, higher price in domestic market, ineffective marketing system, various export barriers, increase of imported vegetables and environmental deterioration.
This study is an attempt in part, to evaluate the vegetable conditions and VFSs in upland areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, that combine the top-down and bottom-up approaches and uses primary and secondary data for a more realistic assesment. The Descriptive Analysis, the Revenue Cost ratio (R/C) and competitiveness using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) are used in the analyses. Moreover, analysis of environmental degradation was carried out by employing the Descriptive Approach and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) methods. Finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to produce the promising results for selection of the most prioritized vegetable product and cropping pattern applied in upland areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted in three main vegetable production centres in upland areas of the country i.e. Pangalengan in West Java Province, Kejajar in Central Java Province, and Berastagi-Simpang Empat in North Sumatra Province.
Results suggest that vegetable farming systems in upland areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia is one of the most important income activities of farmers, as they gain economic incentive with both private and social profits, as well as competitive and comparative advantages. Potatoes and headed cabbages in Pangalengan and in Kejajar, tomatoes in Pangalengan and carrots in Berastagi-Simpang Empat are generally competitive except headed cabbages in Berastagi-Simpang Empat. Most of products are profitable privately and socially, where the R/C values for these three commodities are over 1. However, headed cabbages in Berastagi-Simpang Empat do not give social profitability to the farmers (the R/C value is 0.9).
The uncompetitive headed cabbages in Berastagi-Simpang Empat are brought up by:
(1) Chemical input usage that is much higher than its recommendation
(2) High cost per unit
(3) Low productivity level and
(4) Limited farmer’s accessibility to the market and fluctuating price.
Headed cabbage cultivation in Berastagi-Simpang Empat still requires support from the government, in the form of continued receivable protection.
It can be concluded that domestic demand for vegetable is fulfilled by domestic product which also serves for export market, mainly of potatoes and headed cabbages. As far as output prices are concerned, Indonesia would be potential to be important vegetable producing countries instead of importer.
In the aspect of sustainability, the erosion level in Pangalengan and Berastagi- Simpang Empat are still at modest stage, however, Kejajar is facing major erosion issue. Most parts in Pangalengan areas experience erosions with low volume, at about 500 t ha-1 year-1, in some locations the volume could reach 3,000-6,000 t ha-1 year-1.In Berastagi- Simpang Empat most parts of the research areas experience erosion with lower volume at < 652 t ha-1 year-1.
Continued and proper intervention by the government is expected to solve these problems. Based on the results, it could be developing regulations and provide technical assistance with regards to recovery land system in areas with erosion, vegetable cultivations in the middle land areas, competitive agribusiness, especially of tomatoes in Pangalengan, headed cabbages in Kejajar and potatoes in Berastagi–Simpang Empat as export and import substitution products which are based on the agro-ecosystem advantage or infra structure on the research sites.
Autor*in
Idha W Arsanti
Themen in »Evaluation of Vegetable Farming Systems in Upland Areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia«
competitiveness farming system sustainability upland areas vegetables