Fundamental Aspects of Silicon Oxidation

Beschreibung

This book presents fundamental experimental and theoretical developments relating to silicon oxidation for ultra-thin gate oxide formation. Starting with elementary processes taking place during wet chemical cleans prior to oxidation, the focus is then placed on the incorporation of oxygen into the silicon crystal for H-passivated, clean and oxidized silicon surfaces, including oxygen diffusion and defect formation. Experimental methods include scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron and infrared absorption spectroscopies, ion scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Most of the theoretical contributions are based on first-principles calculations, ranging from cluster calculations to supercell and slab calculations. Phenomenological modeling of oxidation is also discussed. The material presented here will enable the reader to gain a deeper understanding of silicon oxidation and ultra-thin oxide formation (and the processes that affect the morphology of silicon oxides).
The idea for a book dealing specifically with elementary processes in silicon oxidation was formulated after a stimulating symposium that I organized at the American Physical Society meeting in March, 1998. The symposium, en titled "Dynamics of silicon etching and oxidation", explored the mechanisms governing silicon oxidation. With three experimental talks (Hines, Weldon and Gibson) and two theoretical presentations (Pasquarello and Pantelides), it provided a good cross-section of the recent efforts to characterize the in terfacial region of silicon oxide grown on silicon. The novelty of this work comes from the present experimental and theo retical advances that allow the investigation of the formation of ultra-thin silicon oxides. Although structural characterization of bulk silicon oxides and electrical characterization of thin oxides and their interfaces with silicon have produced an extensive body of work over more than forty years, a mechanis tic understanding of the initial oxidation processes has remained elusive. In the past, both the experimental and theoretical efforts have been thwarted by the complexity of dealing with the formation of a mostly amorphous oxide on a crystalline substrate. In this book we present a survey of the state-of-the-art methods, both ex perimental and theoretical, specifically dealing with the issue of amorphous dielectric growth. Each chapter critically reviews and cross-correlates infor mation provided by experimental techniques, such as microscopy, spectro scopy, or scattering, with results obtained using theoretical methods, such as ab initio electronic structure calculations, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulations.
This is the only book that addresses fundamental issues in silicon oxidation at a level that will remain useful for 10-20 years Because it combines both state-of-the-art experimental approaches and theoretical methods it should become a reference book for anyone interested in studying insulators on semiconductor substrates, such as people in opto-electronics and microelectronics Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras
This book deals with an important basic technology in microelectronics. It discusses silicon oxidation in a tutorial fashion from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. The authors report on the state of the art both at Lucent Technology and in academic research. The book will appeal to researchers and advanced students.

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Yves J. Chabal

Themen in »Fundamental Aspects of Silicon Oxidation«

EELS STEM chemistry dynamics electron energy loss spectroscopy electron microscopy electron spectroscopy electronic structure microscopy oxidation silicon spectroscopy surface surfaces tunneling

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