Once time became wages, a minute could be counted as discipline, income, or a small act of resistance.
Industrial employment changed more than tools and workplaces. It made the measured hour, the shift, the clock, and the wage central to family budgets and social expectations. This book traces how employers, workers, reformers, and communities negotiated the new discipline of industrial time. It examines resistance as well as adaptation, showing why the modern working day became a lasting political and personal question.
Ryan Holloway
Writes investigative nonfiction about hidden industries, economic power, and forgotten American infrastructure.
industrial work history wage labor history factory time discipline working day history labor reform industrial age clocks and employment