A Theory of Philosophical Fallacies
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Beschreibung
Presented as a Vorlesung in the German philosophical tradition, this book presents the most detailed account of Nelson’s method of argument analysis, celebrated by many luminaries such as Karl Popper. It was written in 1921 in opposition to the relativistic, subjectivistic and nihilistic tendencies of Nelson’s time. The book contains an exposition of a method that is a further development of Kant’s transcendental dialectics, followed by an application to the critical analysis of arguments by many famous thinkers, including Bentham, Mill, Poincaré, Leibniz, Hegel, Einstein, Bergson, Rickert, Simmel, Brentano, Stammler, Jellinek, Dingler, and Meinong. The book presents a general theory of philosophical argumentation as seen from the viewpoint of the typical fallacies committed by anybody arguing philosophically, whether professional philosophers or philosophical laypeople. Although the nature of philosophy and philosophical argumentation is one of the most recurrent objects of reflection for philosophers, this book represents the first attempt at a general theory of philosophical fallacy. According to Nelson, it is in the shape of false dilemmas that errors in reasoning always emerge, and false dilemmas are always the result of the same mechanism--the unwitting replacement of one concept for another.
Presented as a Vorlesung in the German philosophical tradition, this book presents the most detailed account of Nelson’s method of argument analysis, celebrated by many luminaries such as Karl Popper. It was written in 1921 in opposition to the relativistic, subjectivistic and nihilistic tendencies of Nelson’s time. The book contains an exposition of a method that is a further development of Kant’s transcendental dialectics, followed by an application to the critical analysis of arguments by many famous thinkers, including Bentham, Mill, Poincaré, Leibniz, Hegel, Einstein, Bergson, Rickert, Simmel, Brentano, Stammler, Jellinek, Dingler, and Meinong. The book presents a general theory of philosophical argumentation as seen from the viewpoint of the typical fallacies committed by anybody arguing philosophically, whether professional philosophers or philosophical laypeople. Although the nature of philosophy and philosophical argumentation is one of the most recurrent objects of reflection for philosophers, this book represents the first attempt at a general theory of philosophical fallacy. According to Nelson, it is in the shape of false dilemmas that errors in reasoning always emerge, and false dilemmas are always the result of the same mechanism--the unwitting replacement of one concept for another.
Is the first to offer a general theory of specifically philosophical fallacies Uses real, historical examples by way of illustration that are analyzed by means of the theory Tackles uniquely arguments and positions held by professional philosophers and respected scientists Includes an exposition of a method that further develops Kant’s transcendental dialectics
Autor*in
Leonard Nelson
Themen in »A Theory of Philosophical Fallacies«
Analytic and synthetic judgments Aristotelian-Kantian vs Neoplatonic-Fichtean logic Circular definition Coherence and truth Dialectical illusion in philosophy Dogmatism vs Criticism False dichotomy False dilemma Geometric empiricism Geometric logicism Philosophy of the Schoolmen Synthetic a priori judgments
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“The volume under review is an English translation of that edition by Fernando Leal and David Carus with an introduction and annotations by Leal. … The book should hold significant interest for argumentation theorists for several distinct reasons. … this book makes a salutary contribution to several enduring debates in the analysis of argument. Its translation into English is to be welcomed.” (Andrew Aberdein, Argumentation, Vol. 31, 2017)
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