Political Biology

Beschreibung

This book explores the socio-political implications of human heredity from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present postgenomic moment. It addresses three main phases in the politicization of heredity: the peak of radical eugenics (1900-1945), characterized by an aggressive ethos of supporting the transformation of human society via biological knowledge; the repositioning, after 1945, of biological thinking into a liberal-democratic, human rights framework; and the present postgenomic crisis in which the genome can no longer be understood as insulated from environmental signals.
In Political Biology, Maurizio Meloni argues that thanks to the ascendancy of epigenetics we may be witnessing a return to soft heredity - the idea that these signals can cause changes in biology that are themselves transferable to succeeding generations. This book will be of great interest to scholars across science and technology studies, the philosophy and history of science, and political and social theory.
This book explores the socio-political implications of human heredity from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present postgenomic moment. It addresses three main phases in the politicization of heredity: the peak of radical eugenics (1900-1945), characterized by an aggressive ethos of supporting the transformation of human society via biological knowledge; the repositioning, after 1945, of biological thinking into a liberal-democratic, human rights framework; and the present postgenomic crisis in which the genome can no longer be understood as insulated from environmental signals.
In Political Biology, Maurizio Meloni argues that thanks to the ascendancy of epigenetics we may be witnessing a return to soft heredity - the idea that these signals can cause changes in biology that are themselves transferable to succeeding generations. This book will be of great interest to scholars across science and technology studies, the philosophy and history of science, and political and social theory.

Autor*in

M. Meloni

Themen in »Political Biology«

Eugenics epigenetics postgenomics genomics STS sociology political theory history of biology philosophy of science history of science biology environment Generation philosophy politics

Stimmen zu »Political Biology«

“A fascinating social and political history of human heredity spanning over 150 years from Darwin to the present moment. … it is certainly essential reading for students of history and politics of science, I would urge anyone who feels overwhelmed by the pervasiveness of modern biology and its medical imprint, and who wish to make sense of it, to at least give it a cursory read.” (Rakesh Kalshian, Down To Earth, downtoearth.org.in, July, 2017)

“The book offers not only an updated and complex synthesis of existing historiography on the whole range of topics it deals with, but also presents the reader with a future-oriented narrative framework that by its very argumentative structuring invites critical reflection on the synthesis it presents, as well as on the implications and consequences issuing from the present day entwinement of biology and politics. I recommend the book very highly … .” (Snait B. Gissis, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 62, April, 2017)

“Political Biology is a dense and useful addition to the voluminous literature on the history of the biological theories of heredity and their sociopolitical consequences.” (Michel Dubois, European Journal of Sociology, Vol. 58 (3), 2017)

Maurizio Meloni has written by far the most comprehensive and insightful analysis of the political implications of biology we have seen. He covers three important recent stages: the hard-hereditarianism from approximately 1900 to 1945; the predominantly liberal-democratic conception of biology from about 1945 to 1990; and the postgenomic framework of the last decades which has brought us a blurring of the boundary between nature and nurture. With the development of epigenetics, in particular, we now face totally new potentialities, including both benefits and dangers. Anyone wishing to understand the relationship of biology to society needs to read this important book.' - Loren Graham, Professor Emeritus of the History of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, USA

'In Political Biology Maurizio Meloni takes a fresh look at the relationship between politics and biology in the long twentieth century. The title is programmatic: For Meloni,biology is always a form of doing politics. This way of looking at biology opens up the field, and allows Meloni to explore surprising alliances between Lamarckism and totalitarian ideologies or between hard hereditarianism and liberal democracy after World War II. At the moment when biology changes its face once more, with the longstanding hegemony of hard hereditarianism waning, Meloni asks us to look back at political biology in the twentieth century and to realize that any naïve association of soft hereditarianism with liberalism may indeed itself be a politically dangerous idea.' - Staffan Müller-Wille, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology Exeter University, UK, and co-author of A Cultural History of Heredity 

'A rich account of the politics/biology of hard and soft inheritance  - one that clearly demonstrates the need for a fuller engagement between science studies and the history of science.' - Evelyn Fox Keller,Professor Emerita of the History and Philosophy of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

'The hereditarian paradigm of genetics has recently been challenged by the rise of epigenetics, with huge potential consequences for debates over the social implications of biology. Meloni's book is a timely warning that we should not jump to conclusions based on oversimplified myths about the links between science and politics. He uses the nuanced analyses developed by historians of science to show that parallels between current theories and those of previous generations offer no assurances that a decline in hereditarian thinking will lead to more liberal social attitudes.' - Peter Bowler, Professor Emeritus, School of History and Anthropology, Queen's University Belfast, UK

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